Neutral system (Inert system)

It is defined as a system whose advantage lies in the absence of the base system’s disadvantage, while its disadvantage is that it does not perform the desired main function. During hybridization, the base system provides the required functionality, while the neutral system neutralizes the disadvantage, effectively “diluting” its negative impact.

Since a neutral system does not fulfill the intended function, it is typically chosen for its low cost or even for being freely available. Common examples include air, water, or sand.